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These intravenous fluids consist of sodium and potassium cations along with lactate and chloride anions in solution with distilled water, generally in concentrations isotonic with human blood. In medicine, lactate is one of the main components of lactated Ringer's solution and Hartmann's solution. These bacteria can also grow in the mouth the acid they produce is responsible for the tooth decay known as caries.

In addition to other biological roles, L-lactic acid is the primary endogenous agonist of hydroxycarboxylic acid receptor 1 -HCA1-, which is a Gi/o-coupled G protein-coupled receptor -GPCR-.In industry, lactic acid fermentation is performed by lactic acid bacteria, which convert simple carbohydrates such as glucose, sucrose, or galactose to lactic acid. The concentration of blood lactate is usually 1–2 mM at rest, but can rise to over 20 mM during intense exertion and as high as 25 mM afterward. It does not increase in concentration until the rate of lactate production exceeds the rate of lactate removal, which is governed by a number of factors, including monocarboxylate transporters, concentration and isoform of LDH, and oxidative capacity of tissues. In animals, L-lactate is constantly produced from pyruvate via the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase -LDH- in a process of fermentation during normal metabolism and exercise. D-lactic acid and L-lactic acid have a higher melting point. DL-lactic acid is miscible with water and with ethanol above its melting point which is around 17 or 18 ☌.

A mixture of the two in equal amounts is called DL-lactic acid, or racemic lactic acid. One is known as L-+-lactic acid or -S-lactic acid and the other, its mirror image, is D-−-lactic acid or -R-lactic acid. Lactic acid is chiral, consisting of two optical isomers. This higher acidity is the consequence of the intramolecular hydrogen bonding between the α-hydroxyl and the carboxylate group. Compared to acetic acid, its pKa is 1 unit less, meaning lactic acid deprotonates ten times more easily than acetic acid does. In solution, it can ionize a proton from the carboxyl group, producing the lactate ion CH3CH-OH-CO−2. In the form of its conjugate base called lactate, it plays a role in several biochemical processes. With a hydroxyl group adjacent to the carboxyl group, lactic acid is classified as an alpha-hydroxy acid -AHA. It is produced both naturally and synthetically. In its solid state, it is white and water-soluble. Lactic acid: Lactic acid is an organic compound with the formula CH3CH-OH-COOH.

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